Resources

Curated sources

A short, deliberately narrow list of primary sources and selected commentary that practitioners in German rolling-stock financing actually use.

Primary sources — EU

EUR-Lex — consolidated texts of Directive 2012/34/EU, Directive (EU) 2016/797, Directive (EU) 2016/798, Regulation (EC) 1370/2007, Regulation (EU) 2019/779, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1694, CEEAG 2022.
European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) — Application Guides, One-Stop-Shop (OSS) and TSI documentation.
DG MOVE — Rail transport.
Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) — case law search.

Bundesverband SchienenNahverkehr (BSN) — sector-policy position papers, Vergabekalender, Wettbewerbsfahrplan.
Individual Aufgabenträger websites — see the Authorities index.

Staebe, Das „Vierte Eisenbahnpaket“ der EU und der deutsche Regulierungsrahmen, EuZW 2018, 146 — structured assessment of the Package against the pre-existing ERegG, with a focused analysis of the Art. 7d dividend-flow rule and the Finanzierungskreislauf Schiene.
Linke, Marktöffnung im öffentlichen Schienenpersonenverkehr — Der neue Ansatz der EU bei der Novellierung der VO (EG) Nr. 1370/2007, NZBau 2017, 331 — detailed commentary on Regulation (EU) 2016/2338 and the new direct-award carve-outs under Art. 5 of Reg 1370/2007.
Janutta/Stehmann, Durchführungsvorschriften für den Bereich des Verkehrs, in: von der Groeben/Schwarze/Hatje/Terhechte (eds.), Europäisches Unionsrecht, 8. Auflage 2025, AEUV Anh. 2 Art. 103 Rn. 27–36 — standard commentary account of rail-sector liberalisation from Directive 91/440/EEC through the four railway packages; useful as a structured entry point for newcomers to the regulatory history.

OTIF — Luxembourg Rail Protocol page — authoritative Contracting States, declarations and status.
International Registry for Railway Rolling Stock — the priority register (URVIS).
UNIDROIT — Cape Town Convention.
Kühl/Simsa, Es fährt ein Zug nach nirgendwo – Gedanken zum anwendbaren Recht für die Übereignung von Güterwagen nach Umsetzung des Vierten Eisenbahnpakets, WM 2021 Heft 46, 2224 — careful analysis of the Art. 43 / 45 EGBGB connecting-factor problem for cross-border transfers of title to freight wagons after the Fourth Railway Package; proposes anchoring the Herkunftsstaat on the EVN country code / NVR registration. See the Status in Germany section of the Luxembourg Rail Protocol note.
See also the short note on this site: The Luxembourg Rail Protocol.

Ahmadi/Luggauer, Die Betroffenheitsanalyse nach der EU-Taxonomie-Verordnung – dargelegt am Beispiel der Schieneninfrastruktur, IRZ 2023, 443 — methodology of the Betroffenheitsanalyse under Regulation (EU) 2020/852 on the worked example of rail infrastructure; illustrates the practical mapping of individual assets against the activity descriptions in Annex I to the Climate Delegated Act. See the Taxonomy alignment section.
Kramer, Emissionsfreiheit im Schienenverkehr – warum sie rechtlich nur so schwierig und so langsam zu erreichen ist, ZUR 2023, 23 — structural account of the regulatory obstacles (TEIV, EBO, TSI, planfeststellung) that slow the deployment of emission-free rail technology, and the implications for project timing.

Lorenz, Der Eisenbahnsektor im Notstand, IR 2025, 55 — structured account of the German Vorsorge- und Sicherstellungsgesetze (Bundesleistungsgesetz, Verkehrssicherstellungsgesetz, Verkehrsleistungsgesetz) and their application to the rail sector, including the prioritisation of rail services under Art. 80a GG and the liability regime for civil operators in emergency. Relevant for sovereign-type risk assumptions in long-dated financing structures.

Last reviewed: 18 April 2026.